Hiatal Hernia Gastritis GI Ulcers | NCLEX-PN | NurseNest

Introduction

Hiatal Hernia: Portion of the stomach slides into the thorax through the diaphragmatic hiatus Sliding type (95%): Gastroesophageal junction slides above diaphragm — causes GERD...

Hiatal Hernia: - Portion of the stomach slides into the thorax through the diaphragmatic hiatus - Sliding type (95%): Gastroesophageal junction slides above diaphragm — causes GERD - Rolling/paraesophageal type (5%): Fundus herniates beside esophagus; may strangulate — more dangerous - Symptoms: heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain (mimics cardiac), dysphagia - Treatment: lifestyle modifications (first-line), PPIs/H₂ blockers; surgery for symptomatic paraesophageal hernia Gastritis: - Inflammation of the gastric mucosa - Acute: NSAIDs, alcohol, H. pylori, stress, steroids - Chronic Type A (autoimmune/fundal): Autoimmune destruction of parietal cells → achlorhydria, intrinsic factor deficiency → pernicious anemia - Chronic Type B (antral/H. pylori): Most common; H. pylori (gram-negative); peptic ulcer risk - Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, GI bleeding (hematemesis, melena) - H. pylori treatment: Triple therapy (PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin × 14 days); confirm eradication at 4 weeks Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD): | Feature | Gastric Ulcer | Duodenal Ulcer | |---|---|---| | Pain timing | DURING meals (food worsens pain) | 2–3 hours AFTER meals; pain wakes at night; relieved by food/antacids | | Associated factors | NSAIDs, H. pylori,...

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9 more sections with scenarios, priorities, and review drills.

Topic overview

NCLEX-PN review: hiatal hernia, GERD, gastritis types, H. pylori, peptic ulcer disease, perforated ulcer, and medication management.

Clinical reasoning

For Hiatal Hernia, Gastritis, and GI Ulcers, connect the assessment cue to the immediate risk before selecting an action for PN. Start with stability, ABCs, neurologic change, medication risk, infection risk, and scope of practice. Then decide whether the safest next step is assess, intervene, escalate, teach, or evaluate response.

Patient safety implications

A missed priority in Hiatal Hernia, Gastritis, and GI Ulcers can delay recognition of deterioration or allow preventable harm to continue. Protect the client first by verifying abnormal cues, using ordered precautions, escalating unstable findings, and reassessing after intervention.

Example application

In a Hiatal Hernia, Gastritis, and GI Ulcers item, explain the first cue you noticed, the complication it predicts, the nursing action within scope, and the finding that proves the response worked.

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Hiatal Hernia, Gastritis, and GI Ulcers

Introduction

Topic overview

Clinical reasoning

Patient safety implications

Example application

Continue Your Learning

Check your understanding

Clinical pearl

Reference anchors

Check your understanding

Hiatal Hernia, Gastritis, and GI Ulcers

Overview

Introduction

Topic overview

Clinical reasoning

Patient safety implications

Example application

Continue Your Learning

Check your understanding

Clinical pearl

Reference anchors

Check your understanding