Overview
Introduction
The nephron, the functional unit of the kidney, performs filtration at the glomerulus, selective reabsorption along the tubular system, and secretion to maintain fluid, electrol...
NCLEX-RN
NCLEX-RN
The nephron, the functional unit of the kidney, performs filtration at the glomerulus, selective reabsorption along the tubular system, and secretion to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base homeostasis. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), normally 90-120 mL/min/1.73m², is determined by the balance of hydrostatic and oncotic pressures across the glomerular capillary membrane, regulated by afferent and efferent arteriolar tone. The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs approximately 65% of filtered sodium and water, all filtered glucose and amino acids, and most bicarbonate through sodium-hydrogen exchange. The loop of Henle establishes the medullary concentration gradient through countercurrent multiplication, while the collecting duct responds to antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by inserting aquaporin-2 channels for water reabsorption.
Unlock full lesson + practice questions
9 more sections with scenarios, priorities, and review drills.
Next study step
Finish the lesson first, then choose a focused activity to apply what you just reviewed.
Continue studying
Sign in to save progress on this lesson.
Unlock the interactive lesson quiz with a plan that includes this NCLEX-RN pathway. You can still explore topic-filtered questions from the bank hubs below.