Potassium Imbalance

Potassium imbalance is not diagnosed by symptoms alone. The immediate clinical question is whether the serum potassium is elevated and whether the myocardium is being affected. Hyperkalemia means a serum potassium concentration greater than 5.2 mmol/L. Values above 5.5 mmol/L are considered moderate-to-severe and warrant prompt evaluation. A client with chronic kidney disease who develops new weakness and an abnormal ECG is not a routine dietary-teaching case; the priority is cardiac monitoring, urgent escalation, and treatment of the potassium excess. The urgent pattern is hyperkalemia. High potassium can progress from vague weakness to conduction failure, sometimes with few warning symptoms. The RPN response is to recognize the pattern, assess within scope, implement authorized emergency measures, and communicate rapidly with the RN and prescriber or emergency team.